
Amorphous vs. Crystalline Materials
Solids fall under two main categories: amorphous and crystalline. These two types of solids have different properties that may be more beneficial for certain products or applications.
Home » Frequently Asked Questions About In Vitro Irritation and Cytotoxicity Testing
Biocompatibility assessments are a battery of tests performed to evaluate a product, medical device, or other material for the risk of biological hazards. The first test performed is typically a cytotoxicity evaluation. This is done by preparing an extract of the sample to treat a monolayer of healthy mammalian cells in vitro. Results of this assay can indicate the potential toxicity risk a product carries without testing on animals.
Irritation is a localized non-specific inflammatory response to a single, repeated, or continuous application of a substance or material. The in vitro irritation test involves an extraction in physiologically relevant solvents. These extracts are applied to a reconstructed human epidermis model which contains the major layers of cells that are found in a true human epidermis. Death of the cells in this model after exposure to the extracts collected from a product indicate that an irritating substance was leached off the material and poses a risk of adverse reactions in the end user.
Solids fall under two main categories: amorphous and crystalline. These two types of solids have different properties that may be more beneficial for certain products or applications.
Explore the hidden risks of impurities during manufacturing and how advanced methods like GDMS and ICP-MS help safeguard critical components.
In this webinar we introduce Deformulation of Pharmaceutical RLDs and understanding the Q1/Q2 Sameness Requirements for Complex Generics
One of our surface analysis techniques, TOF-SIMS, can be used to characterize the surface coatings on screens and to compare the thickness of the coatings using depth profiles.
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