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There are many key components of the VCSEL, but one challenging region is the oxide aperture. The oxide aperture is responsible for current confinement, and it is important to have high quality oxidation to prevent failure of the device.
Complementary Techniques: X-Ray & SAM X-ray imaging is a great non-destructive technique that is used in many industries to help visualize internal construction. Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) is another non-destructive
Graphite is and has been a ubiquitous mineral in our lives, from pencil “lead” and water filters to ancient markings on pottery.
In Vitro testing uses cell-based biological models instead of animals or humans.
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